Badgers in the New Forest - an introduction

	Badger cub

Badgers have roamed the New Forest since time immemorial, once sharing the woods with wolf, bear and wild boar. Indeed, Badgers are often considered to have given Brockenhurst its name, and almost certainly did to Brockis Hill, near Minstead; and Brock Hill on the Rhinefield Ornamental Drive.

Badgers are absolutely unmistakable creatures. Conspicuously black and white about the head, Badgers are of medium sized - 1 metre (3 feet), or so, long; very sturdy; and very low to the ground. The strikingly marked face shows clearly in the half-light, but the otherwise grey coat blends well with woodland shadows.

Badger guard hairs are very coarse – they were once used to make shaving brushes – and the tail is short. Front feet and claws are incredibly strong, evolved for digging out tunnel system homes. Large Badger setts can contain more than 1,000 metres (3,280 feet) of tunnel constructed by countless generations of Badgers, and have more than 30 entrances spread over a considerable area.

Unlike New Forest foxes, live Badgers are rarely seen in daylight, or even at dusk away from the sett, preferring to stay indoors during the day, and close to home immediately after emergence when they groom, play, gather bedding to be pulled backwards down into a tunnel entrance, or simply potter about.

It seems, too, that Badgers avoid paths used by humans, preferring their own well-trodden, narrow tracks through the woods, although Badgers willingly come to garden feeding stations where they treat householders to prolonged views.

Most live Badger sightings, though, are reserved for those prepared to sit quietly and wait by a sett for an appearance of these often mysterious creatures.

	Badger leaving the sett

Badgers are sociable animals within their own family group, which itself might be spread about clusters of main and outlying setts. Badgers even sometimes visit the relatives – individuals can disappear from home for days at a time, only to turn up at another sett nearby. Territorial aggression between Badger groups is marked, however, as animals protect the food and other resources within their own home range.
 
Fastidiously clean animals, Badgers often groom communally, two or more animals rolling on their backs or sitting marmot-like on their haunches, scratching, licking, nibbling one another’s coats, before eventually going off to hunt.

Great care, too, is taken with toilet arrangements. Not for them the messy deposit of dung in any old place, for Badgers use latrines. These shallow, specially dug pits are spread around the edges of the sett and located at strategic intervals along territorial boundaries where they serve to warn off intruders from other family groups.

Badgers are omnivorous feeders that will eat just about anything edible. Blackberries, grasses, invertebrates and, when available, birds’ eggs are all favourites. But Badgers like nothing more than a hearty meal of earthworms. The typically acid New Forest soils, though, support relatively few of these spaghetti-like morsels, so for many Badgers, particularly when the ground is dry, food is often relatively hard to find.

New Forest Badgers respond to their modest diet in a number of ways, or rather nature forces their response. Here, Badgers are relatively widespread, but are often quite thinly distributed compared to places elsewhere in the wider countryside. Badger family groups also tend to be quite small, and the number of births each year fewer than elsewhere.

	Badgers' sett on the edge of heathland - bracken has been left around the entrance when bedding was last dragged down

Perhaps surprisingly, foxes and Badgers will often cohabit, or so it seems, raising families at opposite ends of the same tunnel system, with rabbits in residence, too, forming a sort of on-site larder. Fox and Badger treat each other with respect, however, but in the event of conflict, the Badger is likely to prevail.

Mating takes place throughout the year, but a system of delayed implantation results in consistent late-winter Badger births, usually from the last weeks of January through to early-March. First emergence of the Badger cubs above ground – a real treat for the watcher – is often in April or early May.

New Forest Badger setts are often located on a well-drained hillside, at the edge of broad-leaved woodland for cover, and with heath or farmland nearby for use as a feeding area. Active Badger setts are usually betrayed by enormous spoil heaps around a limited number of active entrances, by fresh latrines, and traces of bedding left above ground.

But unlike their farmland cousins, New Forest Badgers often lack access to straw, hay and grasses, and must make do for bedding with dry leaves or bracken, and then only in small quantities.

In fact, on the whole, the New Forest environment ensures that Badgers have quite a tough time.

References:
The Natural History of Badgers, Ernest Neal
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA): http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/vertebrates/badger.htm